Wellington Chamber of Commerce

1. Business / Trading Name: Wellington Chamber of Commerce (legal name: Wellington Regional Chamber of Commerce Limited). Commonly referred to as the Wellington Chamber, it is the primary business membership organization for the Wellington region.

2. Company Number: 543. This very low company number reflects the Chamber’s 19th-century incorporation.

3. NZBN: 9429040975412 (New Zealand Business Number assigned under the NZ Companies Office).

4. Entity Type: New Zealand Limited Company (limited by guarantee, with a not-for-profit mandate). A company constitution is filed, confirming its status and governance structure.

5. Business Classification: A not-for-profit business association. The Chamber is classified under “Business and Professional Association Services” (ANZSIC code) – essentially a membership-based industry representative body. It operates as a business membership organisation (often akin to a trade association) rather than a profit-making enterprise.

6. Industry Category: Non-profit organization / Professional membership association. In practice, it functions as a lobby group and service provider for businesses across all sectors. (The Chamber itself identifies its industry as “Non-profit Organizations” on LinkedIn.)

7. Year Founded: 1856. The Wellington Chamber is one of New Zealand’s oldest business bodies, having been established in 1856 during the colonial era. (It was formally incorporated as a company on 23 February 1884 under the Companies Act.) The Chamber proudly notes it has been the “voice of business” in Wellington for over 165 years.

8. Addresses: Head Office – Level 13, NTT Tower, 157 Lambton Quay, Wellington 6011. Postal – PO Box 1087, Wellington 6140. (Historical note: the Chamber’s long-time registered office was at 3 Hunter Street, Wellington Central, but operations moved to Lambton Quay in recent years.)

9. Website URL: wecc.org.nz – https://www.wecc.org.nz. (The acronym stands for Wellington Employers’ Chamber of Commerce, reflecting a past branding.)

10. LinkedIn URL: https://www.linkedin.com/company/wellington-employers'-chamber-of-commerce/?originalSubdomain=nz

11. Company Hub NZ URL: companyhub.nz listing – https://www.companyhub.nz/companyDetails.cfm?nzbn=9429040975412 (Wellington Regional Chamber of Commerce Limited). (This is a public company database entry showing the Chamber’s registration details: Company No. 543, NZBN, status, etc.)

12. NZ Companies Office URL: https://app.companiesoffice.govt.nz/companies/app/ui/pages/companies/543?backurl=H4sIAAAAAAAAAEXLuwrCQBCF4bfZNhcSJMUgNlqYQjAvMOyOupC9ZGai5O2NGLH7zwenyHgnKWwKGaNfSwjZPvYTdE3dlU3Z7dqmqg1F9boMSyaBQ99v%2B6qos5w4zfnLPtrE%2BcgpwNZDAoPOMYn83xucaXkldmBEkRVKM%2FrgFarWyG1F93k%2BMVpyF4w0gvJMJiRH8PM3t%2Bpnub8AAAA%3D (Incorporated Societies Register)

13. Social Media URLs:

– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Wellington-Chamber-of-Commerce-100095235759282/ (public page, “Wellington Chamber of Commerce”).

– Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/wgtnchamber/ (handle: @wgtnchamber) – “Voice of Wellington Business”.

– LinkedIn: (See Item 10) – over 3,400 followers.

– Twitter: https://twitter.com/WgtnChamber (handle: @WgtnChamber) – often used for advocacy and live commentary (e.g. mayoral debates).

(These accounts are used to promote events, press releases and advocacy positions. The Chamber’s social reach is modest – e.g. ~160 followers on Instagram, ~43 on a newer Facebook page – reflecting its focus on member communications over public social marketing.)

14. Ultimate Holding Company: Business Central Incorporated. The Wellington Chamber is wholly controlled by Business Central (Inc), an incorporated society that serves as the regional umbrella for Wellington and central NZ employers. Business Central Inc became the Chamber’s parent entity effective March 2016 as part of a structural merger. (Business Central is itself a non-profit association – Society No. 2504351 – that consolidates the Chamber and related bodies).

15. Key Shareholders: Business Central Incorporated – via a nominee. The Chamber’s single share is held in trust by Trustees Executors Limited (Company No. 142877) on behalf of Business Central Inc. This means Business Central owns 100% of the Wellington Chamber’s shares (1 out of 1). No other shareholders exist; the Chamber is, in effect, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Business Central group. (This nominee shareholding arrangement was likely adopted because incorporated societies cannot directly own shares.)

16. Leadership: Board President: Siah Hwee Ang Chief Executive: Simon Arcus – Chief Executive of the Chamber (and Business Central) since March 2021. Arcus succeeded former CEO John Milford at the end of 2020. The Chamber’s governance includes a Board drawn from member business leaders and an executive team for day-to-day management. (Past Presidents include Vaughan Renner, who was also President of BusinessNZ, and prominent lawyer Peter Cullen, indicating the calibre of governance.)

17. Staff: Approximately 20–30 staff members (the Chamber lists “11-50 employees”). Key staff include a Corporate Affairs & Advocacy Manager (currently Conor Whitten, a former journalist), a Membership Services Manager (Amanda Wood), and various advisors for training, events, export documentation, and employment relations. Staff are based in Wellington, with some in regional offices (reflecting the Chamber’s integration with Business Central, which serves central NZ). The team’s expertise spans policy lobbying, communications, member support, and service delivery. (Staff numbers fluctuated with COVID-19 impacts, but the Chamber maintained a lean professional staff to serve its members.)

18. Staff that have held previous government roles: The Chamber has benefited from the “revolving door” of personnel between government and industry. For example, Charles Finny – Chief Executive of the Chamber (2005–2010) – was previously a senior New Zealand diplomat and trade negotiator (MFAT’s lead on the China FTA). Finny’s government experience informed the Chamber’s trade advocacy. Simon Arcus, the current CEO, had a stint as a consultant at the Victorian Auditor-General’s Office in Australia (and served on government advisory boards in NZ, such as the IoD and BusinessNZ councils). Raewyn Bleakley, Chief Executive 2012–2014, did not have a prior public sector role but upon leaving the Chamber she became a Regional Director at the NZ Transport Agency (NZTA), illustrating how Chamber executives move into public service roles. Generally, many Chamber policy staff regularly interface with government, and some have backgrounds in ministerial offices or public agencies (even if not high-profile). This interchange of personnel gives the Chamber insider knowledge of governmental processes.

19. Past Employees: Notable former Chamber executives include: Charles Finny – CEO 2005–2010, who left to join government relations firm Saunders Unsworth; Raewyn Bleakley – CEO 2012–2014, who resigned to take up a senior role at NZTA; and John Milford – CEO 2015–2020, formerly a department store executive, who led the Chamber through the 2016–17 Business Central merger and stepped down after five years. Under Milford’s tenure, the Chamber integrated with the regional employers’ association and navigated challenges like the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake and COVID-19’s onset. Other past staff include policy managers and event directors who have moved into government relations consulting or roles at agencies – although not all are public figures. The continuity of leadership (e.g. Finny and Milford both served terms on the Board even after their CEO tenure) has helped preserve institutional knowledge. The Chamber also conferred Life Membership on long-serving board members Peter Cullen and Charles Finny in 2018 in recognition of their contributions.

20. Clients: Membership base. The Chamber’s “clients” are its member businesses – over 3,600 organisations as of 2023 (up from ~3,400 in 2018). These members range from major corporations to sole traders. For example, the Chamber’s board roster has included executives from Westpac (banking), IBM NZ (tech), NZ Bus (transport), Wellington Company (property), JacksonStone & Partners (recruitment), MinterEllison (legal), CQ Hotels (hospitality), and WelTec (education) – reflecting the breadth of its membership. In effect, nearly every industry in the Wellington region is represented. The Chamber also serves ExportNZ Central members (exporting firms) and local SMEs. Its services (training, consulting, advocacy) are offered to these member “clients.” (Occasionally the Chamber also undertakes contracted services for government or partners – e.g. delivering business mentoring programs – making those agencies indirect clients, but the core client group is the member businesses.)

21. Industries/Sectors Represented: The Wellington Chamber represents a cross-section of all sectors of the economy. Its membership and advocacy span primary industries (agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining), construction and infrastructure, education and training providers, finance and insurance companies, government sector agencies (as members or stakeholders), healthcare and community services, manufacturing and engineering firms, professional services (law, accounting, consulting), retail and hospitality businesses, transport, logistics and warehousing, and more. In essence, if a sector has businesses operating in Wellington, the Chamber purports to speak for them. This broad remit is reflected in its internal industry forums and communications tailored to different sectors (for example, dedicated events for construction industry issues or tech sector roundtables). The Chamber’s advocacy priorities typically mirror the concerns of these industries, from building and urban development rules to financial regulations.

22. Publicly Disclosed Engagements: The Wellington Chamber routinely engages with political processes through formal submissions, public consultations, and parliamentary appearances. Recent examples include: a joint submission to the Government’s Tax Working Group in April 2018 (on the Future of Tax), where the Chamber argued against new taxes and for maintaining a broad-base low-rate system. It has also provided feedback on local government plans, such as a May 2023 submission to Wellington City Council on the Let’s Get Wellington Moving – Golden Mile street changes (expressing concerns about proposed car-parking removals). The Chamber’s submissions are often made public on its website or via government disclosure: e.g. its April 2018 Tax Working Group submission was released under an Official Information Act request, and it has published open letters on employment law changes (like minimum wage rises). The Chamber’s representatives frequently appear before Parliamentary Select Committees reviewing legislation (for instance, on employment relations bills and city infrastructure funding). They also publicly partner with media for events – in 2022 the Chamber co-hosted a live-streamed Wellington mayoral debate with the NZ Herald, an engagement that both raised its profile and inserted its voice into the local election discourse. Furthermore, the Chamber discloses its participation in business coalitions (e.g. it is listed as a member of the Local Government Forum and Climate Response groups) in its annual reports.

23. Affiliations: The Wellington Chamber is deeply embedded in wider business networks. It is a constituent member of BusinessNZ, New Zealand’s peak national business lobby – in fact, the Chamber was a founding member of BusinessNZ in 2001 and (through Business Central) holds a 26% stake in that national federation. It is also formally affiliated with New Zealand Chambers of Commerce Inc., the national body uniting regional Chambers. Regionally, the Wellington Chamber operates under the umbrella of Business Central (Incorporated), which merges the Chamber with the former Employers’ & Manufacturers’ Association (Central). The Chamber is the “Wellington division” of Business Central’s wider central NZ coverage. Additionally, the Chamber has forged partnerships with identity-based business networks – in 2022 it entered a partnership with Te Awe Māori Business Network and the Wellington Pasifika Business Network, aimed at harnessing the potential of Māori and Pasifika businesses. Internationally, the Chamber is connected via the global Chamber of Commerce network (including ICC World Chambers Federation) which enables it to issue trade documents and leverage overseas chamber links. It also affiliates with sectoral groups when advocating (for example, it aligned with Property Council NZ, Retail NZ and Hospitality NZ in opposing certain Wellington street changes). These affiliations amplify the Chamber’s influence by situating it in a web of business associations from local to national to international.

24. Sponsorships / Collaborations: The Chamber relies on corporate partnerships to support its events and initiatives. Westpac is a major partner, lending its name to the Chamber’s “Westpac Smarts” business seminar series. Collaboration with local government is also evident: in 2022 the Wellington City Council awarded the Chamber a $50,000 grant from its Climate and Sustainability Fund, to support climate-related business initiatives – indicating a working relationship (albeit one that raised some eyebrows given the Chamber’s critiques of council policies). The Chamber frequently works with central government agencies on specific projects: e.g. it partnered with NZ Trade & Enterprise and Customs to administer export documentation services, and with MBIE to deliver the Regional Business Partner Programme in the past (providing COVID-19 business helpline support). It also collaborates with other lobby groups on joint campaigns – for example, it co-signed letters and statements with the Property Council and Retail NZ opposing certain council proposals in 2023. Sponsorship transparency is an area of note: while events clearly identify their sponsors, some collaborations (like research polls or advocacy campaigns) are internally funded and only later revealed (e.g. the Chamber commissioned polling from Curia Market Research in 2024 regarding transport policy). In summary, big businesses (especially in retail, banking, and utilities) and government bodies are frequent collaborators with the Chamber.

25. Events (held or organised by this organisation): The Wellington Chamber is very active in staging events that connect businesspeople with policymakers. Its flagship events include the annual “Breakfast with the Prime Minister” – an exclusive morning forum where members pay to hear from and meet the PM. (In April 2025, the Chamber and sponsor Woolworths hosted Prime Minister Chris Luxon for such a breakfast at Te Papa museum, with tickets starting at $145 for members.) Another signature series is “Beehive to Business”, featuring Cabinet Ministers discussing policy with the business community (e.g. a 1 April 2025 session with Hon. Louise Upston on employment policy). The Chamber also runs numerous professional development workshops and courses (e.g. “The Manager’s Toolbox”, health & safety training), and networking mixers. In election years, the Chamber hosts candidate debates – notably the Wellington Mayoral Debate (as in September 2022, co-hosted with NZ Herald and moderated by a journalist), which drew significant public interest. It convenes business luncheons with guest speakers (often the Mayor or Ministers), annual general meetings combined with member networking, and formerly organized the Wellington Region Business Excellence Awards (in partnership with other agencies – these awards have been on hold recently, but historically were a big event on the local business calendar). During COVID-19 lockdowns, it shifted many events online, hosting webinars on pandemic recovery and even virtual town-halls with officials. The Chamber’s events serve as both a service to members and a lobbying platform – e.g. pre-Budget briefings where the Finance Minister delivers a speech under Chatham House rules to Chamber members every year. These gatherings often garner media coverage and give the Chamber high visibility in Wellington’s civic life.

26. Political Donations: None disclosed. The Wellington Chamber of Commerce itself is not known to make donations to political parties or candidates. As a not-for-profit entity, it generally does not fund election campaigns. A review of Electoral Commission donation returns reveals no record of donations from the Chamber in the last decade (unsurprising given its role is advocacy, not electioneering). Chamber officials stress that their influence is exercised through lobbying and ideas, not through direct financial contributions to politicians. (Individual businesspeople involved in the Chamber may donate in a personal capacity, but no donations have been made in the Chamber’s name.) The Chamber instead expends its resources on policy research, member services, and events that facilitate dialogue with policymakers. It is worth noting that the Chamber has, however, received public money in certain instances (see Item 24 and 29), which raises a different kind of transparency question about government funds going to a lobbying body. Overall, the absence of Chamber political donations underscores why its lobbying activities often occur behind closed doors rather than through overt campaign finance.

27. Controversies: The Wellington Chamber has faced criticism at times for its aggressive lobbying and perceived lack of transparency. In 2023–2024, a major controversy arose over the Chamber’s opposition to Wellington’s cycleway expansion. The Chamber commissioned a Curia poll which found 76% of residents felt the council was spending “too much” on cycle lanes. It publicised these results to pressure the Council to halt or revise the Paneke Pōneke bike network plan. Cycle advocates and some councillors slammed this as misleading lobbying, noting that international evidence shows cycle lanes can increase local business revenue and are not “bad for business” as the Chamber implied. The Chamber’s stance – “stop the cycleway overspend” – was polarising, with critics accusing it of short-term thinking and ignoring climate imperatives. Another controversy has been the Chamber’s “pay-to-play” events with politicians. Political commentator Dr. Bryce Edwards highlighted that the Chamber was effectively selling access to the Prime Minister, noting one could lobby the PM over breakfast for $145 through the Chamber. This raised eyebrows about elitism and whether policy announcements at Chamber events bypass public scrutiny. There are also perennial accusations of the Chamber being a vested interest capturing local policy. For example, commentators have pointed out the unusually close alignment between some supposedly left-leaning city councillors and the Chamber’s pro-development agenda, especially on housing and infrastructure deregulation. An article in Local Government Magazine (2024) described Wellington City Council as “captured by vested interests” like property developers and big business lobbyists – an allusion that includes the Chamber’s influence. Additionally, the Chamber’s hard-line opposition to the national Fair Pay Agreements (FPA) law in 2021–22 (as part of BusinessNZ’s campaign against FPAs) drew criticism from unions and the Government, especially when BusinessNZ (to which the Chamber belongs) was found to be secretly coordinating to undermine the FPA system. The Chamber itself stayed largely behind the scenes in that fight, but its CEO and board publicly echoed concerns about “unworkable” new labour regulations, prompting Ministerial rebukes that the business lobby was scaremongering. Finally, questions have been raised about the Chamber’s receipt of government funds (like the Council climate grant and COVID wage subsidies) while simultaneously lobbying against some government policies – a juxtaposition some find troubling in terms of conflict of interest. In summary, while generally respected, the Chamber is not without detractors: it is occasionally portrayed as an obstructionist voice against progressive policies in Wellington, and its methods (closed-door lobbying, sponsored access to officials, and public campaigns that align closely with its big corporate members’ interests) continue to invite debate over its role.

28. Other Information of Note: The Wellington Chamber is financially robust for a non-profit. Through Business Central Inc, it owns significant assets – notably Commerce Building Limited, which holds the Chamber’s office property at Lambton Quay (the Chamber controls 100% of Commerce Building Ltd’s 124,000 shares). The Business Central group’s consolidated net assets were $13.05 million in 2021, giving the Chamber a solid capital base (accumulated from property and investments over decades). The Chamber also has a unique quasi-regulatory function: it is authorised to issue Certificates of Origin and ATA Carnets for exporters, effectively acting on behalf of New Zealand Customs and international agreements. This service role (for which it earns fees) underscores the Chamber’s established position in facilitating trade. Another point of note is the membership composition – with 3,600+ members, the Wellington Chamber boasts the largest business network in the region, and it claims to represent “over 60% of the region’s workforce” via those member companies (a statistic it often cites in advocacy). The Chamber’s integration with Employers’ & Manufacturers’ Association Central (EMAC) means Wellington members automatically have EMA affiliation and vice versa. This multi-brand structure (Wellington Chamber | Business Central | ExportNZ) is sometimes confusing to outsiders, but internally it allows pooling of resources and a unified lobbying voice. It also means the Wellington Chamber’s chief executive and board are the same for Business Central – a dual role that can blur whether a statement is on behalf of the Wellington region specifically or the broader central NZ membership. Finally, the Chamber has shown an increasing interest in city governance issues beyond pure business matters – it has taken positions on Wellington’s governance and even hinted at supporting amalgamation of local councils for efficiency. It joined the Local Government Forum, a lobby coalition pushing for council cost control and core services focus, with former Chamber CEO Charles Finny as the Forum’s Chair, reflecting a strategy of influencing not just business regulation but the machinery of local government itself. All these factors – significant assets, delegated functions, enormous membership coverage, and multi-level lobbying – make the Wellington Chamber a uniquely powerful actor in the region’s socio-economic landscape.

29. Recipient of Wage Subsidy Scheme: Yes. The Wellington Chamber (via Business Central) received Government Wage Subsidy support during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the 2020–21 financial year it obtained approximately $110,599 in wage subsidies, and a further ~$13,200 in 2021–22. These subsidies were publicly disclosed as “COVID-19 wage subsidy” grant income in its financial statements. The Chamber applied for the subsidy when Wellington moved into COVID Alert Level 3+ in 2020 and its events and training income plummeted. It used the funds to retain staff (who were themselves supporting local businesses through the crisis). There was no controversy about the Chamber’s eligibility – it met the revenue drop criteria like any other enterprise. However, it is notable that the Chamber was effectively paid by the state at the same time it was lobbying the state on the COVID response (for instance, it urged the Government to extend support and reopen borders faster). The Chamber also partnered with MBIE’s COVID response unit to deliver advisory services, as noted earlier. All wage subsidy funds received by the Chamber have been accounted for, and no repayment was required given that the revenue loss thresholds were indeed met. The Chamber’s acceptance of the wage subsidy, while entirely legal and proper, has been pointed out by critics as ironic – i.e. “talking about free markets while taking government handouts” – but most acknowledge that the extraordinary pandemic situation warranted it, as the Chamber’s own commentary emphasized fairness in passing on wage subsidies to workers.

Sources:

[1] WELLINGTON REGIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE LIMITED – Company Record, NZ Business Directory (nzwao.com), https://www.nzwao.com/companies/wellington-regional-chamber-of-commerce-limited/

[2] Chambers of commerce, 1850s–2000s (founding of Wellington Chamber in 1856), Te Ara – Encyclopedia of NZ, https://teara.govt.nz/en/trade-unions/page-1

[3] Wellington Chamber of Commerce (LinkedIn page), LinkedIn, https://nz.linkedin.com/company/wellington-employers’-chamber-of-commerce

[4] Contact us – Wellington Chamber (address and contact details), Wellington Chamber of Commerce, https://www.wecc.org.nz/contact

[5] Business Central Annual Report 2022 (excerpt – ownership structure), Business Central Inc, (PDF on businesscentral.org.nz)

[6] Simon Arcus announced as Chief Executive… (press release 15 Jan 2021), Business Central, https://www.businesscentral.org.nz/news/simon-arcus-announced-chief-executive-wellington-chamber-and-business-central

[7] Annual Report 2022 – Business Central (financial statements), Business Central Inc, (PDF on businesscentral.org.nz)

[8] Wellington Chamber Announce Four New Board Members (25 Oct 2018), Scoop News – Press Release, https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK1810/S00645

[9] Notes to Financial Statements (Business Central Inc, ownership of WRCC & EMAC), Business Central Annual Report 2022, (PDF on businesscentral.org.nz)

[10] Poll shows 3 in 4 Wellington residents oppose spending on cycleways (Chamber media release 25 Oct 2024), Wellington Chamber (wecc.org.nz), https://www.wecc.org.nz/news/poll-shows-3-4-wellington-residents-oppose-council-spending-cycleways

[11] Your Vote 2022: Wellington mayoral candidates face-off in live debate, NZ Herald, 8 Sep 2022, https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/your-vote-2022-wellington-mayoral-candidates-face-off-in-live-debate/Z7RRJRU74LRPCXKJSZLFUZ4YAI/

[12] Raewyn Bleakley resigns from Chamber, moving to NZTA (Press Release – Business Central, 27 Aug 2014), Wellington Scoop, http(s)://wellington.scoop.co.nz/?p=70284

[13] Wellington Chamber of Commerce chief executive John Milford leaving role, NZ Herald, 3 Sep 2020 (by Georgina Campbell)

[14] Bryce Edwards, “Want an opportunity to lobby the Prime Minister… cheap seats $145”, LinkedIn post, April 2025.

[15] What business is lobbying government for – Political Roundup, Bryce Edwards, NZ Herald, 1 July 2022 (discusses business influence including Chambers)

[16] How WLG City Council got captured by vested interests (Bryce Edwards column), Local Government Magazine, 29 Feb 2024, https://localgovernmentmag.co.nz/how-wlg-city-council-got-captured-by-vested-interests/

[17] Submission to Tax Working Group – Wellington Chamber/Business Central (April 2018), Tax Policy IRD (Information Release).

[18] Submission on LGWM Golden Mile (26 May 2023) – Wellington Chamber, wecc.org.nz.

[19] Pre-Budget Speech to Wellington Chamber (Hon Grant Robertson, 12 May 2022), Beehive.govt.nz – Speeches.

[20] Wellington Chamber minimum wage submission (John Milford, 12 Nov 2018), Wellington Chamber / Business Central (PDF).

[21] Cycle lanes are good for business, actually (Joel MacManus), The Spinoff, 17 May 2024.

[22] Business Must Pass On Full Wage Subsidies – Chamber echoing Government (Press release), Community Scoop, 18 Aug 2021.

[23] New President for BusinessNZ – Vaughan Renner elected (Press release), BusinessNZ, 6 Dec 2018.

[24] Directors of NZ Chambers & Local Govt Forum – Charles Finny bio, BusinessNZ Local Government Forum Newsletter, Sept 2010.

[25] Wellington Chamber of Commerce – Instagram (@wgtnchamber), Instagram, https://www.instagram.com/wgtnchamber (Voice of Wellington Business)

[26] Wellington Chamber – Facebook profile, Facebook, https://www.facebook.com/p/Wellington-Chamber-of-Commerce-100095235759282/ (public page)

[27] Breakfast with the Prime Minister – event listing (2025), Wellington Chamber Events, https://www.wecc.org.nz/events (Amokura Gallery, Te Papa, with Woolworths).

[28] Beehive to Business: Hon Louise Upston (event listing 1 Apr 2025), Wellington Chamber Events.

[29] Westpac Smarts: Gen Z in Focus (event listing 11 Apr 2025), Wellington Chamber Events.

[30] Working for Families vs minimum wage (Chamber submission excerpt), Business Central, 2018.

[31] Local Government Act 2012 reforms – BusinessNZ/Chamber support (Finny quote), LG Forum Newsletter.

[32] Hansard (Select Committee hearing) – John Milford on Employment Relations Bill 2018, NZ Parliament.

[33] Bryce Edwards, Democracy Project, “Lobbyists use the revolving door into mayoral offices”, 18 Oct 2022 (discusses Wellington lobbying).